Films Dealing With The Vietnam War - 1762 Words

Film, as an art form and furthermore, as a cultural product, is a proficient and effective producer of cultural memory in society. It is a primarily a visual medium, and it is this facet that predicates its innate ability to represent, alter and, therefore arguably subvert memory. Moreover, as Sturken states â€Å"†¦cinematic representations of the past have the capacity to entangle with personal and cultural memory.†1 In the case of films dealing with the Vietnam War, this capacity proves central to the creation of cultural memory regarding the event. The films’ diegesis, its represented reality, which is constituted of sound and images, engages in a process of interaction with established historical narratives and discourses, as well as†¦show more content†¦In this complex process certain events and information will invariably be ignored (i.e. forgotten) emphasising that the creation of memory relies both on constructive recollection and active forgettin g. It is these intricate and reciprocal relationships between accepted historical discourses, cultural memory and cultural products that have informed my choice of films. Platoon (1986) and Born on the Fourth of July (1989) possess many ostensible similarities as well as distinct differences. Furthermore, and significantly, both films are based somewhat on personal memories, therefore providing valuable if divergent insights into the processes behind the creation of cultural memory, the mediation of historical discourses and the re-shaping of personal experience. The director and writer of both films is Oliver Stone (though he co-wrote the screenplay to Born on the Fourth of July in collaboration with Vietnam veteran Ron Kovic), an individual whose life has been profoundly affected by the Vietnam War. Not dissimilar to the character of Chris Taylor, Stone dropped out of Yale University and voluntarily enrolled for service. Stone’s Vietnam films benefit from his personal expe rience and memories of the event, providing a dimension of gravitas, an authenticity that is visceral and affecting. These distinctive facets of his work contribute to the creation of cultural memory, as his films effectively mediate personal and collective memory into the complex forum

Teens And Drug Abuse - 2146 Words

In todays society nothing affects lives of teenagers more than alcohol,drugs or prescription medications. Teens use drugs and alcohol to help with problems they have in life. Those problems can range all the way to financial struggles all the way to something simple such as peer pressure. There are over hundreds of reasons why teens use drugs and alcohol to cope but the main ones are to help with peer pressure or bullying, household problems and relationships with family, and negative influences from family and friends. All of those are serious issues that teens are facing right now and to cope with those issues they are falling to an addiction of drugs and alcohol. Teens feel that using drugs and alcohol will help them ignore those†¦show more content†¦When youre under the influence of drugs or alcohol you are unaware of the harm you are causing to your family. In my other essay i mentioned my cousin who is my age. He has used drugs like methamphetamine and ecstasy he is a lso a alcoholic.I really hope one day he will see that he is not only hurting himself but those around him like his family and close friends. Drugs and alcohol can cause you to do terrible thing that can really hurt people mentally and physically. I know many people who have an abusive person in there lives that is caused by alcohol and drugs that is why we need to find more ways to help clean the people up and return them back the other person they were before they started. Back before I was born my parents were huge wrestling fans and their favorite wrestler was christopher benoit. He was one of the top wrestlers back in the day. One night though he had killed his entire family and eventually committed suicide later that evening. When they searched his body during the autopsy they noticed he had steroids and other drugs in his blood the night he had murdered his family and himself. That is just another way on how drugs affect you psychologically. Drugs can cause you to think about things that may cause you to do those things because they can make you depressed leading to suicide. There are multiple ways on how drugs and alcohol affect a teenager directly. AsShow MoreRelatedTeen Drug Abuse2370 Words   |  10 PagesTeenage Drug Addiction and Depression Com/220 Ryan Y. Johnson April 18, 2010 The teenage years are often filled with doubt, vagueness, uncertainty and confusion due to much life Changing obstacles. More and more teens are turning to drugs to deal with their troubles and numb their pain. Teenage drug abuse is on a rising high. The drug choice by teens is pain relievers, prescription drugs, tranquilizers, and stimulants. Often teens also use sedative drugs to get high. Teenagers turn awayRead Moreteen drug abuse1325 Words   |  6 Pagesteenagers said that drugs were sold, used or kept at their school. Which means more then 60% of children have been around drugs or people who have drugs. What effects could such a thing have on the average canadian family? As defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, drug use is a negative pattern of using a substance that leads to a number of problems, which may include needing more of a drug to get intoxicated, difficulties that occur when the effects of the drug wear off (withdrawal)Read MoreTeen Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthree leading drugs used and abused by teenagers in America. According to Elizabeth Larsen, â€Å"The Centers for Disease Control classifies prescription drug abuse as the worst drug epidemic in United States history† (Larsen p.4). This is the worst drug epidemic in history because of the percentage of teenage usage. Based on different stud ies, pills are the most commonly abused drug among twelve- and thirteen- year olds because of how easy they are to access. In fact, many teens that abuse prescriptionRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Drug Abuse1388 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a growing issue in Franklin County, Ohio that needs to be addressed, teen drug abuse is on the rise. More than 289,730 teens in Franklin County, Ohio are using drugs like Marijuana, Pills, and Heroin. Teenagers in Franklin County, need to be informed about what these drugs specifically Marijuana, Pills, and Heroin. Teens who struggle with addiction need to learn howwas to get involved in treatment centers and what they have to offer, About 1/4th of arrest made by Fugitive ApprehensiveRead MoreTeen Prescription Drug Abuse Among Teens1462 Words   |  6 PagesTeen Prescription Drug Abuse Doesn’t matter what age, drugs are going to be used and abuse. From the time we are born, till the day we die, prescription drugs are prescribed for doctor approved use. Most prescription drugs are given to help control a disease, an imbalance, sickness, etc. With teenage drug abuse on the rise in most US high schools, it has become a problem parents are facing amongst their children. Being a parent to a teenager who has meddled with prescription drugs has been an unbelievableRead MoreTeen Drugs / Alcohol Abuse1396 Words   |  6 Pageswhat the problem is in the community there is always a solution. We can all help several people in the community if we come together. For example, many communities are faced with things such as lack of clean drinking water, child abuse, crime, domestic violence, and drug use. Whether it s rebuilding a play area, going by an elderly home, or clearing waste from an adjacent rivulet, a community administration venture is a magnificent approach t o achieve change on a little, hint level. Addressing theRead MoreThe Media Of Teen Drug Abuse2396 Words   |  10 PagesWhat causes the negative stigma among African American teenagers in the media regarding teen drug abuse, and does this stereotype hold any ground? We chose to research this topic because of the common stigma that the media portrays on every day African American teens, and we wanted to know how this effects their everyday lives, like how they are treated because of this stigma. Further research in this area could be a step forward into eliminating every day stereotypes and helping take another stepRead MoreDrug Abuse Among Teens Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pages This is your brain on drugs. The message was powerful while at the same time informative. Smoking not only affects a person physically, but mentally as well. However, most people do not know the severe mental damage smoking inflicts since the focus is primarily on the physical effects. Drug abuse is becoming a growing problem among teenagers. According to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuses 1999 survey of 2,000 teens, about 14 million teens ages 12 to 17, 60% are atRead MoreCause and Effects of Teen Drug Abuse1832 Words   |  8 PagesTeen Drug Abuse in America In today’s society drugs are taking away our children’s lives and it is making headlines every day. â€Å"In Vancouver, Washington, a 13-year old boy was found dead after allegedly swallowing twenty-four cold-medicine pills to get high† (Taylor 45). â€Å"Nine Florida middle-school students were taken to the hospital after their strange behavior and illness at school led school officials to discover that they had overdosed on an over-the-counter cold medication† (Taylor 45). â€Å"ARead More The Causes of Teen Pregnancy, Violence, and Drug Abuse Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes of Teen Pregnancy, Violence, and Drug Abuse The headlines proclaimed the controversial news: race, poverty, and single-parents were NOT the irrevocable harbingers of drug abuse, teen pregnancy, and violence. Instead, researchers were claiming that behaviors that parents and teens could influence -- such as problems at school and the amount of time spent hanging out with friends and the type of friends they chose -- could predict trouble. Some cynics speculated that this

Marketing Strategy Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2571 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? This essay will discuss the current social media strategy of EE (Everything Everywhere) and provide recommendations for how their strategy can be improved. EE is a British mobile network provider that was established in 2010 as part of a joint venture between T-Mobile and Orange (EE, 2015a). The company was the first digital communications provider to offer 4G services in the U.K., as well as the countrys first provider of contactless mobile payments (EE, 2015a). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marketing Strategy Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order As of 2015, EE provides access to its network to over 29 mobile operators which services a total of 5.7 million customers (EE, 2015b). In addition to offering mobile services, the company operates over 700 retail outlets across the county. Within its retail operations EE sells mobile handsets, tablets and branded broadband which brought its revenue to over ÂÂ £6 billion in 2014 (EE, 2015b). Due to EEs operational size they are able to competitively offer services that their competition do not have. In 2013 EE developed an exclusive partnership with BT to offer customers free access to BT Wi-Fi hotspots nationwide (Thomas, 2015). In 2015, EE plan to grow their strategy in mobile communications by being the first provider to offer 5G coverage (Thomas, 2015). Part of EEs current success is their strong focus on social media marketing as part of their marketing mix. The head of EEs social marketing states that, digital is at the heart of (EEs) ethos (Green, 2013) and with this they focus on using social media in new ways to communicate with customers. Saravanakumar et al (2012) argue that the role of traditional marketing is disappearing and new media marketing like social media enables a brand to communicate to a wider audience. Due to this trend EE has invested heavily in social media communications. As of 2015 EE has over 800 000 likes on their Facebook page and over 100 000 followers through Twitter (TalkWalker, 2015). Saravanakumar et al (2012) write about social media playing a hybrid role in the promotions mix. While it allows for companies to talk to their customer base, at the same time, it allows for customers to talk about the brand. Due to the power of word-of-mouth, EE have focused on shaping customers discussions to ensure they are aligned with the organisations goals. Part of this strategy was to launch a social media campaign in 2014 with the brand ambassador, Kevin Bacon (Ridley, 2014). To tie in with the World Cup Kevin Bacon was par t of a humorous social media campaign demonstrating the power of EEs 4G network. To enable a dialogue the public were encouraged to share the advert through social media for exclusive World Cup merchandise. In 2015 in an effort increase brand presence EE invested heavily in online sponsorship. Part of this strategy was the sponsorship of the British Bafta awards, which allowed them to launch the social media hashtag #EEBaftas (EE, 2015c). From the live event over 16 000 tweets used the hashtag allowing the public to associate the awards with the brand and to further spread awareness of the brand through online word-of-mouth (Deering, 2015). With customers no longer just being passive recipients, it is up to companies to engage and learn from customers (Hanna et al, 2011). Garretson (2008) argues that customers are now taking an active role in co-creating the promotional message and provide opinions on the role a company plays branding wise. As stated earlier, EE have social me dia as one of their current promotional strategies, which has ended up being a key competitive strength for them. With their business being in mobile communications, social media has allowed for active engagement from the initial purchase of the product (i.e. mobile phone) to the day-to-day usage. EE focuses on continual active engagement via a blend of traditional and social media to create experiences that involve the customers. Hanna et al (2011) argues that companies must focus their social media approach as an integrated strategy to bring the customer experience to the forefront. These strengths are highlighted in EEs current social media campaign of the EE Wembley Cup. Launched in 2015, the EE Wembley Cup is a ten week media campaign focusing on offering EE customers the opportunity to play in the iconic Wembley Stadium (EE, 2015d). Using all social media platforms EE is focused on creating daily communication with followers to create engagement and encourage feedback. The first strength with this is the active involvement with the public, by using the Wembley stadium as the key focal point to the campaign EE are able to target audiences with a recognisable brand. Initially, traditional media drove reach to create hype behind the campaign, while social media created intimacy as EE are actively using YouTube and Facebook to provide daily updates (EE, 2015d). Karpinski (2005) argues that for a social media strategy to work, it must empower customers. Customers are more trusting of their own opinions and opinions of their peers (Hanna et al. 2011). EE have recognised this and have focused on only using their social media accounts to post the media content, relying on customers to spread the communications virally (EE, 2015d). To further develop intimacy, the campaign focuses on customers using their mobile phones to record their footballing skills and sending it to friends via the hashtag #EEWembleyCup. EE are enabling passive bystanders to be part of the campaign as active hunters who seek out and take part with the internet-based campaign (Hanna et al, 2011). With customers actively influencing the brand message, EE are also using the strength of the campaign to seek customers opinions on their phone services. To encourage fans to participate, EE are offering a free 4G service when using their newly launched Wembley smartphone app (EE, 2015d). Once downloaded, the app allows for EE to measure customer participation with the campaign and see who the social media influencers are. Schultz (2007) states that companies can use the social media ecosystem to view online chatter which serves as a crystal ball that helps companies determine future product of service strategies. While EE are successful at creating a social media strategy that focuses on creating engagement with customers. Their current strategy primarily revolves around controlled events and branding opportunities. Neti (2011) argues that social media strategy ca n engage with customers on helping to promote a brand or product, however it can also help increase customer loyalty through customer support services. EE have demonstrated the ability to attract new customers, however their social media strategy is failing to help retain current customers. As of 2015 EE has a one star rating with Trust Pilot, an online customer watchdog service, who rate the company poorly on their ability to solve customer issues and complaints (Trust Pilot, 2015). Due to poor communications via social media platforms, EE were accused of ignoring customer complaints and not providing accurate or adequate information. All of which accumulated in Ofcom issuing EE a ÂÂ £1million fine over its handling of customer complaints (Paton, 2015). Neti (2011), states that a company must have a social media strategy that is flexible to deal with ever changing issues that can emerge from its viral nature. For EE, the fallout from the Ofcom fine led to a massive campaign over social media from unhappy customers who voiced their complaints. Rather than issue a statement addressing complaints, the social media strategy was to remain silent which led to angry opinion leaders creating viral groups openly criticizing the EE brand (EE Complaints and I Hate EE Facebook Groups received over 5000 followers). Due to the backlash the EE head office finally issued a statement directly through Facebook apologising to customers. Berthon et al (2012) highlight that a company must have a social media strategy that monitors local news and situations across all social media platforms that concerns a companys brand. What may start as a minor issue can spread through word-of-mouth via opinion leaders and must be addressed quickly to avoid a catastrophe for the brands media image (Berthon et al, 2012). Assaad and Gomez (2011) also highlight another potential challenge with social media as a strategy is the issue of privacy and personal security. Within the social me dia sphere there is a niche element who are overly concerned with how their data is used. For EE a key component of their social media strategy is the interactions with customers via social media campaigns. However in 2015 EE was listed as the most-complained about provider to Ofcom due to the breach of data. Customers who had interacted with EEs social media campaigns discovered that their data was being accessed by other advertisers to target them with further promotions (BBC, 2015). Gotta and OKelly (2006) argue that a social media strategy must be open to all audiences to avoid privacy concerns and potential bad publicity. From analysing EEs current social media strategy there is a pattern emerging on how EE use social media to communicate with customers. Currently EEs social media strategy is still driven by old fashioned marketing ideas and focuses too heavily on short-term effects in sales. This incentive-induced behaviour relies on the use of recognisable brand ambassador s and controlled marketing events to drive sales rather than retention (Pradiptarini, 2011). The recommendation of this essay is for EE to address the way they deal with customer complaints via social media. As demonstrated through their current issues with angry customers, EE need a viable solution in making sure that complaints do not spread virally. Firstly EE need to create an audience strategy (Evans, 2010) and discover who are the opinion leaders discussing the brand. Assaad and Gomez (2011) highlight, that using these highly opinionated customers can provide a benefit. If addressed correctly, their opinion can actually spread a positive message about the brand and EE could turn a negative into a positive. Other telecoms providers like Virgin Media use social media to search key compliant words and directly communicate with customers to solve issues before they spread into the public sphere (Brown, 2010). Pradiptarini (2011) suggests that for a social media strategy to w ork, a company must communicate humbly and honestly with its audience. For EE, having a focus on dramatic campaigns helps to capture new audiences attention. However, they also must continue to satisfy current customers needs for information (Pradiptarini, 2011). It is a further recommendation for EE to set up a social media strategy focused solely on current customers; which targets the need to provide information and solutions to current customer issues. A successful example of this was Ford Motor Company who split their Twitter account into @Ford who focused on brand promotion and @FordService who directly address customer queries (Ratcliff, 2014). In conclusion EE are one of the primary examples of how to carry out a strong social media marketing strategy. EEs operational size means that they have the resources to create marketing campaigns that use a mix of traditional and new media to interact with new audiences. Through brand ambassadors, sponsorship and viral-based events , EE have created a strong brand through word-of-mouth. However this focus on creating new customers through social media is also their weakness in their current strategy. As of 2015, EE have no viable way of addressing a complaint or question via their social media networks. Instead, when complaints or issues emerge, their social media accounts either ignore or hide any issues with the brand. This closed dialogue has led to opinion leaders turning on the brand and spreading negative messages via the same social media platforms that EE use to promote the company. From studying examples of Virgin Media and Ford, it is the recommendation of this essay for EE to directly target these opinion leaders through a specialised social media strategy and focus on rebuilding trust and creating long-term relationships. As academics have demonstrated, trust is one of the key factors in social media strategy if the target audience is going to change buying behaviour, influence peers and remain loyal to a brand. It is vital for EE to recognise the characteristics of their entire target market and ensure that all groups are addressed via their social media strategy to ensure success. References Assaad, W., Gomez, J.M. (2011) Social Networking in marketing (Social Media Marketing), International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies. 2 (1), pp 1-10. [Online] Available at: https://airccse.org/journal/mpict/papers/0911ijmpict02.pdf Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012) Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy, Journal of Business Horizons. 55 (1), pp. 261-271. [Online] Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681312000080 Brown, A. (2010). Virgin Media and Social Media: How were using it for customer service. SlideShare.net. [Online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/AlexBrownVM/2010-0915-virgin-media-and-social-media-conference-deck BBC (2015) EE tops consumer landline and broadband complaints, BBC.co.uk. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-32704573 Deering, S. (2015) Ho w BAFTA uses social media. Linkhumans.com. [Online] Available at: https://linkhumans.com/case-study/bafta EE. (2015a) About EE. Ee.co.uk. [Online] Available from: https://ee.co.uk/our-company/about-ee EE. (2015b) EE Results for the year ended 31 December 2014. Ee.co.uk. [Online] Available from: https://ee.co.uk/our-company/financials/2015/02/05/ee-results-for-the-year-ended-31-december-2014 EE. (2015c) EE British Academy Film Awards. Ee.co.uk. [Online] Available at: https://ee.co.uk/ee-and-me/entertainment-sport/ee-baftas EE. (2015d) EE launches the Wembley Cup: an exclusive online series starring football-loving YouTube talent #EEWembleyCup. Ee.co.uk. [Online] Available at: https://ee.co.uk/our-company/newsroom/2015/07/15/EE-launches-the-Wembley-Cup-an-exclusive-online-series-starring-football-loving-YouTube-talent-WembleyCup Evans, L. (2010) Social Media Marketing: Strategies for Engaging in Facebook, Twitter Other Social Media. U.S.A: Que Publishing Garretson, R. (2008) Future tense: The global CMO Report. Economist Intelligence Unit. [Online] Available at: https://graphics.eiu.com/upload/Google%20Text.pdf Gotta, M., OKelly, P. (2006) Trends in Social Software. Journal of Collaboration and Content Strategies. 1, pp 1-44. [Online] Available at: https://qbx6.ltu.edu/vitrc/CoolTools/Trends%20in%20Social%20Software.pdf Green, C. (2013) Inside EEs social media command centre. Information Age [Online] Available from: https://www.information-age.com/it-management/strategy-and-innovation/123457200/inside-ees-social-media-command-centre Hanna, R., Rohm, A., Crittenden, V.L. (2011) Were all connected: The power of the social media ecosystem, Business Horizons. 54 (3), pp. 265-273. [Online] Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681311000243 Karpinski, R. (2005) The next phase: Bottom-up marketing. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 90 (5), pp. 38. [Online] Available at: https://connection.ebscoho st.com/c/articles/17013683/next-phase-bottom-up-marketing Neti, S. (2011) Social Media and its role in marketing. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems, 1 (2), pp. 1-16. [Online} Available at: https://www.ijecbs.com/July2011/13.pdf Pradiptarini, C. (2011) Social Media Marketing: Measuring Its Effectiveness and Identifying the Target Market, Journal of Undergraduate Research, 1, pp 1-11. [Online] Available at: https://www.uwlax.edu/urc/JUR-online/PDF/2011/pradiptarini.MKT.pdf Ratcliff, C. (2014) Why is Fords social media strategy so good? Econsultancy.com. [Online] Available at: https://econsultancy.com/blog/64701-why-is-ford-s-social-media-strategy-so-good/ Ridley, L. (2014) Kevin Bacon rides UKs biggest rollercoaster in EE spot. Campaignlive.co.uk. [Online] Available at: https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/1294856/kevin-bacon-rides-uks-biggest-rollercoaster-ee-spot#ozH8R4gga8zMKeHf.99 Saravankumar, M., and Sganthalakshmi, T. (2012) Soc ial Media Marketing. Life Science Journal, 9 (4), pp. 4444-4451. [Online] Available at: https://dipeco.economia.unimib.it/corsi/817/esercitazioni/social_media_mktg.pdf Schultz, D. (2007) Snackbyte: A View of the ecosystem. Deborahschultz.com. [Online] Available at: https://www.deborahschultz.com/deblog/2007/11/snackbyte-a-vie.html TalkWalker. (2015). Social Media Analytics for EE Report. Talkwalker.com. [Online] Available at: https://www.talkwalker.com/uk/academy/industries/telecoms/social-media-analytics-for-ee/ Thomas, S. (2015) EE 4G hits 90% population coverage and 600 towns. 4G.co.uk. [Online] Available at: https://www.4g.co.uk/4g-news/operators/ee-4g-hits-90-population-coverage-and-600-towns_300113487.html Trust Pilot. (2015) EE Review 2015. Trustpilot.com. [Online] Available at: https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/ee.co.uk

CC of Cultural and Intellectual Tradition of The M.E....

Arisen from the influences of Christian and Jewish traditions, the nomadic peoples of the Arabian Peninsula joined forces to form the Dar-ar-Islam. Used to unite the Middle Eastern Empire, Islam – founded by the prophet Muhammad in 610 CE – created a stable civilization based on Islamic views and teachings for its individuals. In the Middle East during the time of 600 CE to 1450 CE, the religion of Islam stayed unchanged, while the influences of different cultures altered the traditions of the society as well as the women’s rights and status in the civilization. As the Middle East developed over the years, the prominence and teachings of Islam sustained. Numerous aspects in the Middle Eastern Empire altered, but a key element in the†¦show more content†¦India offered knowledge mathematically in the branches of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry and even on teachings relating to medicine and antidotes. Whereas Greece influenced the Middle East with their alphabet and philosophy, mostly focusing on the works of the two famous Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle. Philosophy taken in from Greece even challenged Islamic teachings as certain Islamic philosophers attempted to combine Greek philosophical works with the teachings of the Qur’an, just resulting in many upset Muslims. As centuries passed in the Middle East, certain cultural and intellectual traditions in the Middle East changed through the influences of other civilizations yet managed to stay the same in the aspect of Islam in the society. And as shown by the status of women in the Middle East, while certain beliefs and traditions may stay unchanged, the way cultures have influenced them can affect how the previously mentioned beliefs and traditions are taken into

How the Political Control the Military Free Essays

â€Å"No new taxes. † This is a quote that most all of us remember from the 1992 presidential election. Along with it we remember that there were new taxes during that presidents term in office. We will write a custom essay sample on How the Political Control the Military or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a myriad of promises made and things done in a presidential election year that have questionable motives as to whether they are done in the best interest of the people or in the interests of the presidential candidate. These hidden interests are one of the biggest problems with the political aspects of government in modern society. One of the prime examples of this is the Vietnam War. Although South Vietnam asked for our help, which we had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the world†s eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi throughout the course of the Vietnam War. Politically this strategy looked very good. However, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place. War is the military†s sole purpose. Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to conduct any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with polit United States involvement in the Vietnam War actually began in 1950 when the U. S. began to subsidize the French Army in South Vietnam. This involvement continued to escalate throughout the 1950†³s and into the early 1960†³s. On August 4, 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnamese waters were fired upon by North Vietnam. On August 5, 1964 President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United Sates in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in southeast Asia ( Johnson ). On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidential request, Congress authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any attack and to prevent aggression against the U. S. n southeast Asia ( United States ). The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we had no military, political, or territorial ambitions in southeast Asia, the interests back home were quite a different story ( Johnson ). The political involvement in Vietnam was about much more than just promised aid to a weak country in order to prevent the spread of communism. It was about money. After all, wars require equipment, guns, tools and machinery. Most of which was produced in the United States. It was about proving America†s commitment to stop communism. Or rather to confine communism in its present boundaries But most of all it was about politics. The presidential political involvement in Vietnam had little to do with Vietnam at all. It was about China for Eisenhower, about Russia for Kennedy, about Washington D. C. for Johnson, and about himself for Nixon ( Post ). The last two of which were the major players in America†s involvement in regards to U. S. Troops being used ( Wittman ). The military involvement in Vietnam is directly related to the political management of the military throughout the war. The military controlled by the politicians. The micro management of the military by the White House for political gain is the primary reason for both the length and cost, both monetary and human, of the Vietnam War ( Pelland ). One of the largest problems was the lack of a clear objective in the war and the support to accomplish it. The predominant military opinion of the military†s role in Vietnam in respect to the political involvement is seen in the following quote by General Colin Powell, â€Å"If you†re going to put into something then you owe the armed forces, you owe the American People, you owe just you†re own desire to succeed, a clear statement of what political objective you†re trying to achieve and then you put the sufficient force to that objective so that you know when you†ve accomplished it. The politicians dictated the war in Vietnam, it was a limited war, the military was never allowed to fight the war in the manner that they thought that they needed to in order to win it ( Baker ). To conclude on the Vietnam War, the political management of the war made it unwinnable. The military was at the mercy of politicians who knew very little about what needed to be done militarily in order to win the war. There is an enormous difference between political judgment and military judgment. This difference is the primary reason for the outcome of the Vietnam War ( Schwarzkopf ). The Gulf War in the Middle East was almost the exact opposite in respect to the political influence on the war. In respect to the military objective of the war the two are relatively similar. The objective was to liberate a weaker country from their aggressor. The United Nation†s resolution was explicit in its wording regarding military force in the Persian Gulf. The resolution specifically stated â€Å"by all means necessary. â€Å"( Schwarzkopf ). The President was very aware of the problems with political management of warfare throughout the war. He was very determined to let the military call the shots about how the war was conducted. He made a specific effort to prevent the suggestion that civilians were going to try to run the war ( Baker ). Painful lessons had been learned in the Vietnam War, which was still fresh on the minds of many of those involved in this war ( Baker ). The military was given full control to use force as they saw fit. Many of the top military leaders had also been involved in the Vietnam War. These men exhibited a very strong never again attitude throughout the planning stages of this war. General Schwarzkopf made the following statement about the proposed bombing of Iraq in regards to the limited bombing in Vietnam, â€Å"I had no doubt we would bomb Iraq if I was going to be the Military Commander. † He went on to say that it would be absolutely stupid to go into a military campaign against his, Iraq†s, forces who had a tremendous advantage on us on the ground, numbers wise. It would be ludicrous not to fight the war in the air as much, if not more, than on the ground ( Schwarzkopf ). The result of the Gulf War in which the military was given control, as we know, was a quick, decisive victory. There were many other factors involved in this than just the military being given control, particularly in contrast to Vietnam, but the military having control played a major part in this victory. In conclusion, although there are some major differences between the two conflicts one fact can be seen very clearly. That is the fact that the military is best suited for conducting wars. Politicians are not. It is not the place of a politicians to be involved in the decision making process in regards to war or military strategy. The White House has significant control in military matters. That control should be used to help the military in achieving its goals as it was in the Gulf War where George Bush said specifically to let the military do its job. The only alternative to this is to use political influence in the same way that it was used in Vietnam. If we do not learn from these lessons that are so obvious in the differences between these two conflicts then we are condemned to repeat the same mistakes. Lets just pray that it does not take the death of another 58,000 of America†s men to learn that the politicians place is not in war but in peace ( Roush ). How to cite How the Political Control the Military, Essay examples

Advertising Agency And Promotion Management-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advertising Agency And Promotion Management? Answer: Introduction Since 1946 Clemenger Group is one of the first and foremost groups in marketing communications in Australia. Clemenger BBDO, one of the top agencies of Australia, is its biggest subsidiary business which is the local outpost of BBDO Worldwide. Along with its local branches, Clemenger also manages successfully a large portfolio of special agencies of other brands. Clemenger BBDO changes the behavior of people by creating stories that is suitable for them. They also help organizations to find new dimensions by building brands of higher value. The customers needs are satisfied by creating designs that they love (Young 2014). Creative strategy Clemenger BBDO of Australia has a strong strategic understanding of the advertising business. They have been appointed as the lead creative agency by TAB out of three agencies. Their team of creative experts who has experiences in strategic planning and specialist digital roles keeps them ahead of their competitors. Their strategy is to define and deliver the companys creative goals clearly. They have big, enduring brand ideas which are brought to the reality. They have the quality of combining the rich storytelling with that of technology and purpose (Ashley and Tuten 2015). Media strategy Media strategy plays an essential role in advertising. Through media strategy the Clemenger BBDO has been successful in placing the right persuasive and relevant message to the right person at the right time. The process of media strategy includes three Ws where when and what to advertise? They have used the strategy to bring together the skills of people into the digital media, creative data and development. They have a strong belief in the future of integrated agency models. They also offer interlinked service models, cost efficiency, integrated output and reduced requirements of client management. Clemenger owns 50% in the media buying and planning agency, OMD. The digital world has made it possible to own and earn marketing opportunities with numerous outlets and it is also possible for Clemenger BBDO to reach out to a larger audience through social media. They wanted to stop the decline in donation and emotionally connect to the new and younger target group. To develop an idea that generates important media value and is looked up to as a great idea, is what the agency had in their mind (Belch et al. 2014). Digital media planning is costlier than the traditional media planning because it depends on a number of factors like, compensation structure of the agency, salaries, change in objectives, strategies and campaign parameters. The critical financial situation made them work in the four prime areas, i.e. mutuality, inclusion, immediacy, fashion and style. Their media strategy was successful and they had a total media investment of AU$150000 in the previous years and AU$140000 in the recent years. The engagement of the media partners and the potent created significant media value. The strategy was effective as it had won the award for being the most effective Australian agency, as well as the Digital Strategy Agency. The Clemenger group has built a manifest offering called the Logical Magic to win Myers digital business and deliver ongoing transformation through data, technology and creativity (Bucha 2014). Communication plan Clemenger BBDO has active and passionate communication planners who are further helping in the growth and development of the team. They facilitate revolution and incorporation by driving through the process of cross- channel thinking, application of creative ideas are made real and brightened in the social, digital and mobile marketing channel. They believe in being a creative thinker and doer at heart, which means not only being an adept in thinking strategically but also being creative gives the best result for the company and also satisfies the customer. Their design and experience in communication help their clients to remain connected globally (Dickenson and Crawford 2017). Marketing communication of the company To improve the current marketing communication of Clemenger BBDO, they need to participate actively to put up original and effective creative work. They need to have a total and detailed understanding of the clients in Australia, their trends and connection with the media channels, specifically the rising ones i.e., the mobile, digital and social platforms. The quality to be able to transform the knowledge and skills into marketing, business and communication ideas helps in better marketing communication. It is also required to develop an understanding of cross- channel strategies to focus on the goals and creative prospects and also on target, awareness and engaging materials. The planners must learn to be creative and media partner both inside and outside and also with clients for guidance on implementing business techniques across channels. Developing specific ideas related to digital, social and mobile, creating, monitoring and managing the best practices of training is also an a dvantage (Percy and Elliott 2016). Effectiveness of the plan This will prove to be effective because contribution to creative thinking on digital, social and mobile platforms leads to strong strategies in media channel recommendations. Managing a team of experts to bring the ideas into reality provides best practice and client objectives. They will be able to measure the importance of communication plan both internally and externally, i.e. on the alignment and brand and business growth respectively (Wijaya 2015). Models of marketing communication There are different Marketing communication models which are as follows- AIDAS model DAGMAR model Heightened appreciation model Advertising exposure model Model of JOYEE Lavidge and Steiner model (Potter and Mein 2016) Marketing communication model of the company In this case, the AIDAS model can be suitable for justification. AIDAS stands for Attention, Interest, Outcome, Desire, Action, and Satisfaction. Clemenger BBDO used this model of marketing communication with success in its marketing campaign. AIDAS is one of the oldest and most desired marketing communication models. This model was used by the company to attract attention, maintain interest, create desire and get the customers to act. The company believes that the creative work that they do is a sign of effectiveness otherwise it is of no value. Their creative work has attracted the clients from all over. They always wanted to stand out in the crowd. The agency thinks in a rather different way, they do the best possible work to make their clients popular in the market. Once the clients are attracted by their flawless designs they start showing interest about the agency. The information about their creative works impresses the clients. They decide to hand over their works into the ag encys hands. The attention and interest caused a positive impact on the clients. Their desire is fulfilled when they entrust their work on the agency. Thus the action of business transaction is completed. Healthy relationships start building up between the agency and its clients. This completes the whole cycle as the successful completion of the work make both the agency and its clients satisfied. The agency starts earning new orders in this way. That is how Clemenger BBDO has been able to increase its business with their potential clients (Sayedi, Jerath and Srinivasan 2014). Fig- the AIDA model Source- (Rawal 2013) Conclusion The renowned advertising agency Clemenger BBDO mostly cares about creativity and that is what makes them exceptional. According to them, work is the only true measure of an agency. Their work makes their brand, their sale and their clients. Their unique creative and media strategy have made them one of the leading advertising agencies in Australia. They follow the AIDA model of marketing communication but there is still a lot of scope by which they can improve their communication plan. Their unique working strategies have made them the most award winners in the advertising industry Reference Ashley, C. and Tuten, T., 2015. Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), pp.15-27. Belch, G.E., Belch, M.A., Kerr, G.F. and Powell, I., 2014.Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education. Bucha, M.T., 2014. Advertising Promotion. Dickenson, J. and Crawford, R., 2017. 14 Australasian advertising and the world.Global Advertising Practice in a Borderless World, p.208. Percy, L. and Elliott, R.H., 2016.Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Potter, E. and Mein, T., 2016. Clemenger BBDO Melbourne.Artichoke, (54), p.110. Rawal, P., 2013. AIDA Marketing Communication Model: Stimulating a purchase decision in the minds of the consumers through a linear progression of steps.International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Social Management Sciences,1(1), pp.37-44. Sayedi, A., Jerath, K. and Srinivasan, K., 2014. Competitive poaching in sponsored search advertising and its strategic impact on traditional advertising.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.586-608. Wijaya, B.S., 2015. The development of hierarchy of effects model in advertising.International Research Journal of Business Studies,5(1). Young, A., 2014.Brand media strategy: integrated communications planning in the digital era. Springer.

Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc Essay Example

Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc Essay Introduction Organization behaviour analysis refers to the systematic attack in analyzing and application of human behaviour as persons or groups within an organisation their behaviour and the consequence this behaviour impacts on the organisation and its ends. It is the analysis of single and group behaviour within an organisation. It enhances better relationships to accomplish human aims, organisations aims and societal aims. The organisation s values ends and civilization are all linked in such a manner that there is integrating between the employees personal ends and the organisation s ends. Organizational behaviour analyses relationships between variables ( McKenna, 2001 ) . The construct of organisational behaviour is based on the theory that the environment dictates the human behaviour ( Duncan, 1982 ) . It covers a broad scope of subjects that include human behaviour, alteration, leading and public presentation. It involves analysing behaviour from an single degree, a group degree and an organisational degree, where the three are someway incorporate. The analyses consequences to more efficient and effectual organisations. The company: Merck Company Inc. Organization behaviour includes analysing behaviour that consequences from external environmental forces. A amalgamation and possible ballad offs are factors that would hold an impact on Merck s employees behaviours and this behaviour would hold an impact on the organisations productiveness. This essay will turn to these subjects in relation to the alterations in Merck s A ; Co. after the company merged with Schering-Plough and during the company s restructuring plan, which involves extinguishing 15 per centum of the employees located globally ( Schepp, 2010 ) . Merck is one of the largest pharmaceutical public companies in the universe. The chief merchandises include medical specialties, vaccinums, biological therapies, consumer and animate being merchandises. The company has its caput office in New Jersey and operates in 140 states located worldwide. The company is listed in the New York Stock Exchange. Merck late merged with Schering-Plough Company. One of the effects of the amal gamation was lying off of about 15 per centum of the new company s employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The issue Harmonizing to Appelbaum directors should take into consideration organisation s behaviour during and after a amalgamation. Many amalgamation and acquisition failures can be attributed to miss of proper organisational behaviour analysis. One of the negative effects on employees behaviour during and after a amalgamation is that it can take to insecurity and uncertainness among employees ( Appelbaum, 2000 ) . During a amalgamation the direction should turn to the impact it would hold on the employees and offer support and encouragement to the employees, analysing attitudes, values and people s behaviours and how they are affected by the environment. The organisation will necessitate to analyse planning, forming, taking and commanding. Analyze occupation maps, allotment of resources, and work flow processs. Train the employees to stay focussed and reassuring them of their occupation security will assist in making stableness and continuance. Control refers to the direction s subjective and nonsubjective appraisal of the success of ends. The direction should recognize that there is a demand to turn to fright for alteration. Appelbaum et Al. ( 2000 ) recommends three attacks in turn toing organisation behaviour during a amalgamation, communicating, corporate civilization and alteration. Communication During the alteration procedure, it is really of import for the direction to retain unfastened communicating with the employees. This will be really helpful in retaining the company s civilization. Lack of proper communicating to the employees during a amalgamation may take to rumours which may take down employees morale as they become preoccupied with their ain single involvements. Communication will assist in bridging the spread between the person s involvements and the organisations involvements during the meeting procedure. This will help in integrating of the two organisational civilizations, in this instance Merck s and Schering-Plough Company. Merck s direction achieved this through publicising the company s concern scheme in the 2009-2010 Corporate Responsibility Review study ( Merck, 2010 ) . The program included consolidative, incorporating and fostering civilization. The scheme included pass oning the advancement to the employees and other stakeholders ( Merck A ; Co Inc. ) . One of the ways that communicating can be effectual is through repeat of information though different signifiers of media ( Appelbaum, et al. , 2000 ) . The demand for smooth integrating of the amalgamation between the two companies was communicated through assorted studies in the Merck s web site. These studies include the Code of Conduct and the 2009-2010 corporate administration studies. The messages of honestness, transparence and unfastened communicating are reflected in most of the company s policies, demoing the acce nt the company has on unfastened communicating. Organizational Culture When two companies merge, there are possibilities of cultural mutual exclusiveness. This may ensue to struggles. An organizations civilization can be recognized through artefacts such as the company Son, the company values and norms and through basic implicit in premises. It encompasses informal and formal procedures of doing determination in the organisation. This includes the power hierarchy and how employees who are in different places interact with each other. At Merck there is common regard for employees and they are encouraged to develop their accomplishments and they are hence committed to high public presentation. This means that they can be trusted to do determinations without needfully holding to wait for their supervisors consent. The company allows for some inclusion in the determination devising procedure, though employees in difference are to describe their grudges to their supervisors before they go to everyone else. Thus Merck pattern democratic leading manner ( Miner, 2007 ) . In add-on to this, employees should hold person to confide in about their concerns for a amalgamation. At Merck company direction, anyone with a difference on any issue should describe it to the parts Human Resources representative. The company besides has Merck Office of moralss where those who may be afraid of their ain supervisors and human resource representatives should take their questions and concerns. In add-on to this the company has a codification of behavior that acts as a guideline to anyone with any sort of duty in the company including employees and the managers. The codification of behavior includes ethical inquiries and the procedure one should utilize in determination devising. This shows openness and giving employees duty to do determinations. This consequences to happy employees who are more productive. A company that is in the post-merger state of affairs should hold a civilization that is clearly defined. There should be common land for the two companies after which a new civilization will be developed. Merck Co. Inc. is in presently in the post-merger phase. The direction has developed a program that would guarantee a smooth integrating of the two civilizations. This is stipulated in the company s concern impulse which includes uniting the two civilizations, incorporating them and cultivating the new civilization. An organizations civilization can be determined from the company s mission statements, and in its values, moralss and criterions which all form portion of organisation behaviour. The company s values are based on moralss and unity. Merck s mission statement reads To supply advanced, typical merchandises and services that save and improve lives and fulfill client demand, to be recognized as a great topographic point to work and to supply investors with a superior rate of return ( Merck Co. Inc. , 2010 ) . This mission statement shows the importance at which the organisation values the employees part to the growing of the house. This should be a beginning of inspiration for the employees who remained at Merck s company after the amalgamation. The same importance is reflected in the company s moralss and criterions statements. On moralss and criterions, Merck s company has a main conformity office to guarantee that Merck s company complies with all the ordinances as required globally. The conformity officer besides ensures that the company patterns ethical concern patterns and besides safeguarding the person s privateness. This safeguarding of the person s privateness shows the regard the company has on the person. This can move as a motivational factor for the employees. The employee feels appreciated, therefore becomes more productive which improves the employee s public presentation. A company that has effectual corporate administration is in most instances transparent in all its projects. Corporate administration besides involves appreciating that the people in an organisation are the most of import assets in that organisation ( Blair, 1995 ) . Merck s company has an effectual corporate administration construction. The Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) is appointed by the Board and it is the Board that besides determines his wage. The Chairman is responsible for the Board. There is an audit commission which is accessible to all. In add-on to this the company has whistle blowers protection policies. These facts are turn outing of transparence. As such the employees should hold assurance in the company and adjust to the civilization of the new company. Changes A amalgamation leads to several alterations in the organisation. Once an employee joins an organisation, she/he, there is a psychological demand is developed. In bend the organisation has outlooks from this employee. Thus a psychological contract Begins and a menace to interrupt it may be lay waste toing to the organisation and to the employees. On the Individual degree, organisational behaviour analyses perceptual experiences, acquisition, creativeness, motive, personality, public presentation and moralss. Individual s beginnings of motive do vary from single to single, some by inducements, economic benefits, congratulations or merely satisfaction from making a occupation good. It involves placing what motivates each single employee. Organization behaviour analysis besides involves the survey of single behaviour towards some external forces and the effects this has on the organisation. It besides involves of factors which most of the clip would be holding negative effects on public presentation. A major alteration, such as a amalgamation threatens to interrupt the psychological contract, whereby the employee becomes afraid of the unknown and develops feelings of weakness. This affects the employee s public presentation degree. The Merck and Schering-Plough amalgamation had an even more helplessness consequence as the CEO had announced possible layoffs for 15 per centum of the employees. These proclamations of possible loss of employees may do anxiousness and fright. If non addressed this could ensue to down employees who are aggressive and therefore an addition in unsolved struggles. To avoid these effects of alteration, unfastened communicating on the grounds for the amalgamation should be communicated from which the employees should be made to understand the new alterations. There should be no surprise for the employees and they should cognize who and how they would be affected. To extinguish this consequence of surprise, Merck s direction included the intelligence on possible puting off of senior and in-between degree directors, 40 per centum of which would be in the US. The fright can besides be eliminated by affecting the employees to do them experience that they are portion of the procedure. The direction should besides supply employees with ends that are long term. This creates assurance with their employer as they feel secure in their places. This engagement was highlighted in the so CEO s, Mr. Clark s address after the amalgamation. Clark said that for the amalgamation to be successful, the company relied on the employees passion, innovativeness and com mittedness. Harmonizing to Appelbaum and company, ( 2000 ) staff lay offs have the same consequence as amalgamations, depression, anxiousness and weakness. Directors should supply as much information as is possible to cut down rumours and their effects. In add-on to this the directors should promote group treatments. On the group degree, organisation behaviour involves analyzing of the group kineticss, intra-group and inter-group struggles and integrity, interpersonal communicating, leading, webs and group functions. In Merck Co. Inc. planetary constituency groups and employee resource groups are two of the schemes that the company uses to implement diverseness scheme. The planetary constituency groups represent persons from different geographical parts and with different civilizations, faith and professions. They work together towards the same end, the success of the organisation. The employee resource groups are made of voluntary employees who web together and work as squads. These squads offer educational and cultural resources, every bit good as being contacts to other employees. These groupings help in understanding persons while they play an of import function in developing diverseness scheme. These groups played an of import function in back uping each other during the amalgamation as the groups would run into and discourse issues that were of concern to them. Employees must be made to experience that they have regained control of their single end. Decision Organizational behaviour analysis aids in placing the person and group behaviour with the purpose of utilizing the consequences to better on public presentation. The analysis will be used to place an person s different demands and different methods of working and executing a undertaking. This information is used in supplying individualized resources that will assist each person to be more productive. This information will besides be of high importance in guaranting a smooth alteration procedure as the direction devices on ways to help employees digest the amalgamation alterations with assurance. There should be new defined ends for the new company every bit good as new policies, new civilization. These new policies plus any other alterations should be communicated to the employees. The information rayed to the employees should be honest, as employees will be more appreciative if they know the impact the amalgamation has on them. The ballad off information should be provided with sensitiveness otherwise it may hold serious reverberations. Employees feelings should be considered in the whole procedure. This will assist in the success of the amalgamation.